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12月24日 Wishing you a song in your heart at Christmas and blessings all year longModern Olympic Games Review 1972 Olympics, Munich The 1972 Munich1 Games were the largest yet, setting records in all categories, with 195 events and 7,123 athletes from 121 nations. They were supposed to celebrate peace and, for the first ten days, all did indeed go well. But in the early morning of 5 September, with six days left in the Games, eight Arab commandos2 slipped into the Olympic Village, killed two Israeli team members and seized nine others as hostages. Early the next morning, all nine were killed in a shootout3 between the terrorists and West German police at a military airport. The tragedy stunned the world and stopped the XXth Olympiad in its tracks4. But in defiance5 of the terrorists, at a memorial service attended by 80,000 at the main stadium, 84-year-old outgoing6 IOC president Avery Brundage and his committee announced "the Games must go on." As a result, the competitions resumed7 after a pause of 34 hours. All other details about the Munich Games paled in significance, but it did have its highlights. Archery8 was reintroduced to the Olympic programme after a 52-year absence and handball after a 36-year absence. Whitewater 9 (or slalom10) canoeing11 was included for the first time. The 1972 Games were also the first to have a named mascot12. U.S. swimmer Mark Spitz won an incredible seven golds. Lasse Viren of Finland fell midway through the 10,000m final, but rose and set a world record to win the first of his four career gold medals. The media star of the Munich Games was the tiny Soviet gymnast, Olga Korbut, whose dramatic cycle of success in the team competition, failure in the individual competition and renewed success in the apparatus13 finals captured the attention of fans worldwide. Modern Olymopic Games Review 1976 Olympics, Montreal In 1970, when Montreal was named to host the Summer Olympics'76, organizers estimated it would cost ＄ 310 million to stage1 the Games. However, due to political corruption, mismanagement, labor disputes, inflation and a ＄ 100 million outlay2 for security to prevent another Munich, the final bill came to more than ＄ 1.5 billion. Then, right before the Games were scheduled to open in July, 32 nations, most of them from Africa, walked out when the IOC refused to ban New Zealand because its national rugby3 team was touring racially segregated4 South Africa. When the Games finally got started they were quickly stolen by 14-year- old Romanian gymnast Nadia Comaneci, who scored seven perfect 10s on her way to three gold medals. East Germany's Kornelia Ender did Comaneci one better, winning four times as the GDR5 captured 11 of 13 events in women's swimming. John Naber (4 gold) and the U.S. men did the East German women one better when they won 12 of 13 gold medals in swimming. In track and field, Cuba's Alberto Juantorena won the 400 and 800-meter runs, and Finland's Lasse Viren took the 5,000 and 10,000. Viren missed a third gold when he placed fifth in the marathon. Modern Olympic Games Review 1980 Olympics, Moscow Four years after 32 nations walked out of the Montreal Games, twice that many chose to stay away1 from Moscow -- many in support of an American-led boycott2 to protest the December 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. Unable to persuade the IOC to cancel or move the Summer Games, U.S. President Jimmy Carter pressured the USOC to officially withdraw in April. Many governments, like West Germany and Japan, followed suit3 and withheld4 their athletes. But others, like Britain and France, while supporting the boycott, allowed their Olympic committees to participate if they wished. The result was that these countries made the trip to Moscow although many of them refused to march at the opening ceremony. The first Games to be held in a Communist country opened in July with 80 nations competing and were dominated by the USSR and East Germany. They were also plagued by charges5 of rigged6 judging and poor sportsmanship by Moscow fans who booed7 the Poles and East Germans unmercifully8. While Soviet gymnast Aleksandr Dityatin became the first athlete to win eight medals in one year, the belle9 of Montreal, Nadia Comaneci of Romania, returned to win two more gold medals and Cuban heavyweight10 Teofilo Stevenson became the first boxer to win three golds in the same weight division. Modern Olympic Games Review 1984 Olympics, Los Angeles The summer Games returned to the United States for the first time since the Second World War and to Los Angeles for the second time. Its first effort, in 1932, was hit by the Great Depression1 and this one also had problems ---the Soviet Union and 13 Communist allies stayed home in an obvious payback for the West's snub2 of Moscow in 1980. Romania was the only Warsaw Pact3 country to come to L.A.. In the absence of the awesome Eastern European track team, the Americans predictably were the biggest beneficiaries4, but Carl Lewis would have been a worth champion even if the whole world had been present. The young Californian emulated5 the great Jesse Owens 48 years before to win the 100m, 200m, long jump6 and sprint relay7, and was the true track star of the Games. China for the first time since 1952 sent 353 athletes to participate in 16 events, winning 15 gold, eight silver and nine bronze medals. The first Olympic champion in Chinese history was Xu Haifeng. Sebastian of Britain became the first repeat winner of the 1,500 meters since 1906. Romanian gymnast Ecaterina Szabó matched Lewis' four gold medals and added a silver, but the darling of the Games was little 16-year-old Mary Lou Retton, who won the women's All-Around8 with a pair of 10s in her last two events. The L.A. Olympics were the first privately financed Games ever and made an unheard-of9 profit of ＄ 215 million. Time magazine was so impressed by it and named organizing president Peter Ueberroth its Man of the Year. Modern Olympic Games Review 1988 Olympics, Seoul For the first time since Munich in 1972, there was no organized boycott1 of the Summer Olympics. Cuba and Ethiopia stayed away2 in support of North Korea (the IOC turned down3 the North Koreans' demand to co-host the Games, so they refused to participate), but that was about it. More countries (159) sent more athletes (8,391) to South Korea than to any previous Olympics. There were also more security personnel (100,000) than ever before given Seoul's proximity4 (30 miles) to the North and the possibility of student demonstrations for reunification. Ten days into the Games, Canadian Ben Johnson beat defending champion Carl Lewis in the 100-meter dash5 with a world record time of 9.79. Two days later, however, Johnson was stripped6 of his gold medal and sent packing7 by the IOC when his post-race drug test indicated steroid8 use. Lewis, who finished second in the 100, was named the winner. He also repeated in the long jump, but was second in the 200 and did not run the 4× 100-relay. Lewis' team mate Florence Griffith Joyner claimed three gold medals in the 100, 200 and 4× 100-meter relay, and silver in the 4× 400 relay. Her sister-in-law, Jackie Joyner-Kersee, won the long jump and heptathlon9. The most gold medals were won by swimmers Kristin Otto of East Germany (6) and American Matt Biondi (5). Otherwise, Steffi Graf added an Olympic gold medal to her Grand Slam10 sweep in tennis, Greg Louganis won both men's diving events for the second straight11 time, and the U.S. men's basketball team had to settle for third place after losing to the gold medal-winning Soviets, 76- 82, in the semifinals. For China, the results of five golds, eleven silvers and twelve bronzes were far from satisfactory. Compared with their performance at the 23rd Olympics, the Chinese athletes did not do so well in Seoul as they faced many more strong rivals, including those who did not show up in Los Angeles. Morden Olympic Games Review 1992 Olympics, Barcelona The year IOC president Juan Antonio Samaranch brought the Olympics to his native Spain marked the first renewal1 of the Summer Games since the fall of communism in Eastern Europe and the reunification of Germany in 1990. A record 9,356 athletes from 169 nations gathered without a single country boycotting the Games. Both Cuba and North Korea returned after 12 years and South Africa was welcomed back after 32, following the national government's denunciation2 of apartheid3 racial policies. While Germany competed under one flag for the first time since 1964, 12 nations from the former Soviet Union joined forces one last time as the Unified Team. This was also the year the IOC threw open the gates to professional athletes after 96 years of opposition. Basketball was the chief beneficiary4 as America's "Dream Team" of NBA All-Stars easily won the gold. Carl Lewis earned his seventh and eighth career gold medals with a third consecutive5 Olympic win in the long jump, and an anchor-leg6 performance on the American 4× 100 meter relay team that helped establish a world record. Gail Devers of the U.S., whose feet had nearly been amputated7 by doctors in 1990 as a result of radiation treatment for Graves' disease8, won the women's 100 meters. China's Fu Mingxia, 13, won the women's platform diving gold, becoming the second-youngest person to win an individual gold medal. In gymnastics9, Vitaly Scherbo of Belarus, competing for the Unified Team, won six golds. Cuba made its Olympic return rewarding, capturing seven boxing golds as well as the gold in baseball. Morden Olympic Games Review 1996 Olympics, Atlanta The Atlanta Games were certainly the largest (a record 197 nations and areas competed) Olympics to date and perhaps the most hyped1 and overcommercialized as well. Despite all the troubles that organizers faced, from computer scoring snafus2 and transportation problems to a horrific terrorist attack, these Olympics had some of the best stories ever. The Games began so joyously with Muhammad Ali, the world's best-known sports figure then stricken by illness, igniting3 the Olympic cauldron4. Sadly, just eight days later horror was the prevailing mood after a terrorist's bomb ripped apart a peaceful Friday evening in Centennial5 Olympic Park. In the explosion, one woman was killed, 111 people were injured and the entire world was reminded of the tragedy of Munich in 1972. As they did in '72, the Games would go on. In track and field, Michael Johnson delivered on his much-anticipated, yet still startling, double in the 200 and 400 meters. One thing that many didn't foresee is that he would be matched by France's Marie-Jose Perec, who converted her own 200-400 double, albeit6 with much less attention. Carl Lewis pulled out one last bit of magic to win the long jump for the ninth gold medal of his amazing Olympic career. Donovan Bailey set a world record in the 100 and led Canada to a win over a faltering7 U.S. team in the 4×100 relay. The U.S. women's gymnastics squad8 took the team gold and Amy Van Dyken became the first American woman to win four golds in a single Games. China collected 16 golds, 22 silvers and 12 bronzes, ranking fourth both in gold medals tally9 and in the total number of medals won. 18-year-old diver Fu Mingxia proved her superiority in both the women's 3m springboard and 10m platform diving and rose as a new "queen of diving" since the retirement of Gao. Also in Atlanta, 26-year-old Lee Lai-Shan won the women's boardsailing to become the first gold medallist in the 44-year Olympic history of Hong Kong. Modern Olympic Games Review 2000 Olympics, Sydney The Sydney 2000 Games were the largest yet, with 10,651 athletes competing in 300 events. Despite their size, they were well organized. From 15th, Sep. 2000 to 1st, Oct. 2000, athletes from 200 delegations from countries world wide participated in the games held in Sydney, Australia. A total of 34 world records were set, in addition to 77 Olympic records, and three Olympic best results. The Sydney Olympics set a number of records. More than 6.7 million tickets were sold to Games events. Ticket sales set a record for any Olympics, with more than 87 percent available sold at all venues1. The IOC confirmed that that broke the previous record of 82 percent in Atlanta. Sydney sold ＄ 430 million worth of tickets. And the Olympics were broadcast in more countries and territories than any other Games 220 countries compared with 214 for Atlanta in 1996 and 193 from Barcelona in 1992. Sydney's free Olympic live sites were also popular, with millions of visitors watching the games on the Internet. Another change has come about to the competitive structure of these Olympics. Besides delegations from the USA and Russia, remaining in the First Group, strong and powerful as ever, China ranked third, both in totality of its gold medal tally and in the overall medal achievement for excellent performance. China was awarded 28 gold, 16 silver and 15 bronze medals. This was indeed a historical breakthrough! Modern Olympic Games Review 2004 Olympics, Athens The last heart-pounding race of the Summer Games ended Sunday in a white marble arena in the heart of Athens, bringing the modern Olympics full circle -- back to the precise spot where they were revived1 108 years ago. The finish of the men's marathon at Panathinaiko Stadium, followed by the traditional parade of athletes under the sweeping roof of the new Olympic Stadium, crowned 16 days of competition, which were marked by moments of individual triumph and a record breaking number of athletes thrown out on doping2 charges. These Games broke many records. Athens hosted 11,099 athletes, the largest number ever and also the most women athletes ever. Representatives of 202 countries and areas took part, more than any other sporting event. The Olympic flame traveled for the first time to all continents. Shot Put was held in Olympia and women competed there for the first time. It also broke records as the most expensive and most fortified3 international sporting event ever staged. The runners, jumpers and throwers of the 2004 Athens Games may not have set world records, but at least they outdid4 their immediate predecessors. For only the second time since 1988, the average gold-medal performance in track and field improved, albeit5 slightly. Swimming times were also faster in Athens than in Sydney in 2000, but by an even slimmer margin than track performances. The meager6 improvements offer comfort to both sides in a scientific debate over the recent stagnation of Olympic performances and world records. China finished second in the gold medal count, its best ever show since it started competing in the Olympics in 1984. China's Liu Xiang became the first Asian in history to win the men's 110m hurdles7 at the Olympic Games. He also broke the Olympic record of 12.95 seconds set by Allen Johnson of the United States in the Atlanta Olympic Games in 1996. His gold medal is said to be " the heaviest," or most significant, of the 32 that China won in the Athens Olympics. Heat is still coming off the Athens Olympics, but already eyes are turning to Beijing , the host city of the upcoming 2008 Olympic Games. 评论 (29)
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